This study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of quercetin that is a main flavonoid in onion on uterine contractility and its possible underlying mechanisms. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.Dysmenorrhoea is considered to be caused by excessive levels of prostaglandins, which stimulate abnormal uterine contractions. The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). Open Access License / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer cepa showed antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in sensitized rats. cepa extract) as well as SOD, CAT, and thiol (dexamethasone-treated group) versus group S ( p < 0.00 to p < 0.05).
cepa extract), and levels of thiol and IFN-γ (group treated with 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A.
However, there were significantly higher levels of SOD and CAT and an increased IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. cepa extract, and all these markers as well as IFN-γ in rats treated with dexamethasone ( p < 0.001 to p < 0.05). cepa extract, MDA and IL-4 levels in groups treated with 70 and 140 mg/kg BW/day of the A. Compared to group S, the levels of the following markers were significantly lower: NO 2, NO 3 –, and IgE in groups treated with the A. Results: The oxidant markers nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), nitrate (NO 3 –), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunological markers interleukin (IL)-4 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were significantly higher, but the antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thiol, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio were lower in sensitized rats compared to control rats ( p < 0.001 to p < 0.01). Comparison of the results between groups was performed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. cepa extract (35, 70, and 140 mg/kg body weight /day) (S + AC) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Oxidant/antioxidant markers and cytokines in BALF of control rats treated with saline (group C), ovalbumin-sensitized rats (group S), rats treated with 1.25 μg/mL dexamethasone and 3 doses of A. cepa) on levels of oxidants, antioxidants, and immunological markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of sensitized rats.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of Allium cepa (A.
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